After the 1919 baseball season was completed, a special rule was established. It banned foreign substances from being applied to a baseball. This included such things as paraffin, saliva, and hair tonic, just to name a few. In addition, defacing the ball by scratching it was prohibited. Breaking the new rule led to a 10-day suspension.
Now we move forward to the baseball season of 1934. You are the home plate umpire. On the mound is Burleigh Grimes, who is known for “dusting off” anyone having the audacity to crowd the plate. Moreover, according to legend, Grimes was so aggressive that he allegedly “dusted off” the on-deck hitter waiting in the batter's circle!
Now, let's say one of the greatest hitters of all-time, Lou Gehrig, is coming to the plate. Right in front of you, the pitcher pulls out of his pocket a small bottle containing some kind of grease. While you watch, he generously applies the substance to the ball, thus giving himself an advantage over Gehrig, for “doctored” balls seem to “drop off the table” right before reaching the plate.
Remember, you are the home plate umpire. Furthermore, you have witnessed the pitcher applying the foreign substance. You are probably thinking, “I'd throw the bum out of the game, and he would be suspended.” Actually, you are wrong. In this case, neither you nor your fellow umpires could do anything about it. Grimes would throw his “grease-ball,” and Gehrig would simply have to deal with it.
“Why?” you might ask. When the rule was made, there were still 17 pitchers in the major leagues who were throwing doctored balls. For some reason, those hurlers were “grandfathered,” which meant they could go right on doing their thing for the rest of their careers. 1934 was the final season for Grimes, who was the last of the “grandfathered” pitchers.
Of course, even after Grimes, the last legal grease-baller, some pitchers continued to cheat. The Yankees' Whitey Ford, who pitched in the '50s and '60s, was the ace of the staff. However, near the end of his career, the fastball began losing some steam.
Therefore, when he was in a jam, Ford would occasionally throw a spitball or a mudball (saliva and dirt), but he was most successful when delivering a scratched baseball. It has been said that Ford could make a defaced ball do just about anything but whistle Dixie.
After buying a cheap ring, Ford notched grooves around its perimeter. Whenever Ford was in a tough spot, say when men were on second and third, he would rub up the ball, giving it a few scratch marks from the ring. The batter would complain when the ball seemed to drop off a table, but for a long time, the men in blue couldn't figure out how the Yankee ace was committing his evil deed.
Eventually, a clever umpire discovered the ring and ordered Ford to get rid of it. He complied, but the doctored balls continued to dip and doodle.
Elston Howard, the catcher, then filed a few grooves into his shin guard. Whenever Ford gave a special signal, Howard would nonchalantly rub the ball along the shin guard before returning it to the mound. Therefore, Ford's pitches continued to drop off the table.
Gaylord Perry, who played from 1962-1983, used various foreign substances to have an edge over the hitters. According to research, Perry's arsenal included Vaseline, K. Y. Jelly, and hair tonic. Despite this, he was ejected only once during his career for messing up baseballs.
Who says crime doesn't pay? Burleigh Grimes, Whitey Ford, and Gaylord Perry are all members of baseball's Hall of Fame (Of course, technically, Grimes was not cheating), and I think they should be. Of course, I think Pete Rose belongs there, too, but that is another blog for another time.